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Using search and filters

Wallarm provides convenient methods for searching detected attacks and incidents. In the Events section of Wallarm Console, there are the following search methods available:

  • Filters to select filtering criteria

  • Search field to input search queries with attributes and modifiers similar to human language

The values set in the filters are automatically duplicated in the search field, and vice versa.

Any search query or a filter combination can be saved by clicking Save a query.

Filters

Available filters are presented in Wallarm Console in multiple forms:

  • Filters panel that is expanded and collapsed using the Filter button

  • Quick filters for excluding or showing only events with the specific parameter values

Filters in the UI

When values of different filters are selected, the results will meet all those conditions. When different values for the same filter are specified, the results will meet any of those conditions.

Search field

The search field accepts queries with attributes and modifiers similar to human language which makes submitting queries intuitive. For example:

  • attacks xss: to search for all XSS-attacks

  • attacks today: to search for all attacks that happened today

  • xss 12/14/2020: to search for all suspicions, attacks, and incidents of cross‑site scripting on 14 December 2020

  • p:xss 12/14/2020: to search for all suspicions, attacks, and incidents of all types within the xss HTTP request parameter (i.e. http://localhost/?xss=attack-here) as of 14 December 2020

  • attacks 9-12/2020: to search for all attacks from September to December 2020

  • rce /catalog/import.php: to search for all RCE attacks and incidents on /catalog/import.php path since yesterday

When values of different parameters are specified, the results will meet all those conditions. When different values for the same parameter are specified, the results will meet any of those conditions.

Setting the attribute value to NOT

To negate the attribute value, please use ! before the attribute or modifier name. For example: attacks !ip:111.111.111.111 to show all attacks originated from any IP address excluding 111.111.111.111.

Below you will find the list of attributes and modifiers available for use in search queries.

Search by object type

Specify in the search string:

  • attack, attacks: to search only for the attacks that are not aimed at known vulnerabilities.

  • incident, incidents: to search only for incidents (attacks exploiting a known vulnerability).

Search by attack type

Specify in the search string:

An attack name can be specified in both uppercase and lowercase letters: SQLI, sqli, and SQLi are equally correct.

Search attacks associated with the OWASP top threats

You can find attacks associated with the OWASP top threats by using the OWASP threat tags. The format to search for these attacks is owasp_api1_2023.

These tags correspond to the original numbering of threats as defined by OWASP. Wallarm associates attacks with the OWASP API Top threats of the 2023 version.

Search by known attacks (CVE and well‑known exploits)

  • known: to search for requests that precisely attack since they exploit CVE vulnerabilities or other well‑known vulnerability types.

    To filter attacks by certain CVE or another well‑known vulnerability type, you can pass the appropriate tag in addition to the tag known or separate from it. For example: known:CVE-2004-2402 CVE-2018-6008 or CVE-2004-2402 CVE-2018-6008 to search for attacks exploiting the CVE-2004-2402 and CVE-2018-6008 vulnerabilities.

  • !known: potential false positives. These requests may contain little‑known exploits or the context turning the exploits into legitimate parameter values.

To filter attacks by CVE and well‑known exploits, quick filters by event types and CVE and exploits can be used.

Search hits by API protocols

To filter hits by API protocols, use the proto: or protocol: tag.

This tag allows the following values:

  • proto:graphql

  • proto:grpc

  • proto:websocket

  • proto:rest

  • proto:soap

  • proto:xml-rpc

  • proto:web-form

  • proto:webdav

  • proto:json-rpc

Search hits by authentication protocols

To filter hits by authentication protocols attackers have used, use the auth: tag.

This tag allows the following values:

  • auth:none

  • auth:api-key

  • auth:aws

  • auth:basic

  • auth:bearer

  • auth:cookie

  • auth:digest

  • auth:hawk

  • auth:jwt

  • auth:ntlm

  • auth:oauth1

  • auth:oauth2

  • auth:scram

Search by the attack target

Specify in the search string:

  • client: to search for clients' data attacks.

  • database: to search for database attacks.

  • server: to search for app server attacks.

Search by risk level

Specify the risk level in the search string:

  • low: low risk level.

  • medium: medium risk level.

  • high: high risk level.

Search by event time

Specify time period in the search string. If the period is not specified, the search is conducted within the events that occurred during the last 24 hours.

There are the following methods to specify the period:

  • By date: 11/10/2020-11/14/2020

  • By date and time (seconds are disregarded): 11/10/2020 11:11, 11:30-12:22, 11/10/2020 11:12-01/14/2020 12:14

  • With relation to a certain moment of time: >11/10/20

  • Using string aliases:

    • yesterday equal to yesterday's date
    • today equal to today's date

    • last <unit> equal to the period from the entire past unit start to current date and time

      week, month, year or the number of these units can be used as <unit>. For example: last week, last 3 month or last 3 months.

    • this <unit> equal to current unit

      week, month, year can be used as <unit>. For example: this week will return events detected on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday this week if today is Wednesday.

Date and time format depends on the settings specified in your profile:

  • MM/DD/YYYY if MDY is selected

  • DD/MM/YYYY if DMY is selected

  • 13:00 if 24‑hour is ticked

  • 1pm if 24‑hour is unticked

The month can be specified as both number and name: 01, 1, January, Jan for January. The year can be specified in both full form (2020) and shortened form (20). If the year is not specified in the date, then the current year is used.

Search by IP address

To search by IP address, use the ip: prefix, after which you can specify

  • A specific IP address, for example 192.168.0.1—in this case, all attacks and incidents will be found for which the source address of the attack corresponds to this IP address.

  • An expression describing a range of IP addresses.

  • A total number of IP addresses related to an attack or incident.

Search by IP address range

To set a required range of IP addresses, you can use

  • An explicit IP address range:

    • 192.168.0.0-192.168.63.255
    • 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255

  • A part of an IP address:

    • 192.168.—equivalent to 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Redundant format with the * modifier is allowed—192.168.*
    • 192.168.0.—equivalent to 192.168.0.0-192.168.0.255

  • An IP address or part of it with a range of values inside the last octet in the expression:

    • 192.168.1.0-255—equivalent to 192.168.1.0-192.168.1.255
    • 192.168.0-255—equivalent to 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

    Important

    When using a range of values within an octet, a dot is not set at the end.

  • Subnet prefixes (CIDR notation):

    • 192.168.1.0/24—equivalent to 192.168.1.0-192.168.1.255
    • 192.168.0.0/17—equivalent to 192.168.0.1-192.168.127.255

Note

You can combine the above methods for defining IP address ranges. To do this, list all the necessary ranges with the ip: prefix separately.

Example: ip:192.168.0.0/24 ip:10.10. ip:10.0.10.0-128

Search by number of IP addresses

It is possible to search by the total number of IP addresses that are related to an attack or an incident (only for attacks and incidents):

  • ip:1000+ last month—search for attacks and incidents over the past month for which the number of unique IP addresses is more than 1000 (equivalent to attacks incidents ip:1000+ last month).

  • xss ip:100+—search for all cross‑site scripting attacks and incidents. The search result will be empty if the number of attacking IP addresses (with the XSS attack type) is less than 100.

  • xss p:id ip:100+—search for all XSS attacks and incidents related to the id parameter (?id=aaa). This will return results only if the number of different IP addresses exceeds 100.

Search by the data center the IP address belongs to

To search by the data center, to which the IP address originated the attacks belongs, use the source: prefix.

This attribute value can be:

  • tor for the Tor network

  • proxy for the public or web proxy server

  • vpn for VPN

  • aws for Amazon

  • azure for Microsoft Azure

  • gce for Google Cloud Platform

  • ibm for IBM Cloud

  • alibaba for Alibaba Cloud

  • huawei for Huawei Cloud

  • rackspace for Rackspace Cloud

  • plusserver for PlusServer

  • hetzner for Hetzner

  • oracle for Oracle Cloud

  • ovh for OVHcloud

  • tencent for Tencent

  • linode for Linode

  • docean for Digital Ocean

Search by the country or region in which the IP address is registered

To search by the country or the region, in which the IP address originated the attacks is registered, use the country: prefix.

The country/region name should be passed to the attribute in the format corresponding to the standard ISO 3166-1 in uppercase or lowercase letters. For example: country:CN or country:cn for attacks originated from China.

Search by server response status

To search by server response status, specify statuscode: prefix.

Response status can be specified as:

  • a number from 100 to 999.

  • «N–M» range, where N and M are figures from 100 to 999.

  • «N+» and «N-» ranges, where N is a number from 100 to 999.

Search by server response size

To search by the server response size, use the s: or size: prefix.

You can search for any integer value. Figures above 999 can be specified without a prefix. The «N–M», «N+» and «N-» ranges can be specified, where figures above 999 can also be specified without a prefix.

Search by HTTP request method

To search by HTTP request method, specify the method: prefix.

To search for GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS: if upper-case is used, then the search string can be specified without a prefix. For all other values, a prefix should be specified.

Search by a number of hits within attack/incident

To search attacks and incidents by a number of hits, specify the N: prefix.

For example, you can search for attacks that have more than 100 hits: attacks N:>100. Or search for attacks with less than 10 hits with attacks N:<10.

Search by domain

To search by domain, use the d: or domain: prefix.

Any string, that may be a domain of the second or a higher level can be specified without a prefix. Any string can be specified with a prefix.

You may use masks within a domain. The symbol * replaces any number of characters; the symbol ? replaces any single character.

Search by path

To search by path, either:

  • Use the u: or url: prefix and specify the path in quotes starting with /, e.g.: url:"/api/users", or

  • Start the input with / without any prefix, e.g.: /api/users

Search by application

To search by the application to which the attack was sent, use the application: or app: prefix (the former pool: prefix is still supported but not recommended).

The attribute value is the application name set on the Applications tab in the Settings section. For example: application:'Example application'.

Search by parameter or parser

To search by parameter or parser, use the p:, param:, or parameter: prefix, or the = suffix. If using the suffix, a string that does not start with / is considered to be a parameter (wherein the ending = character is not included in the value).

Possible attribute values:

  • Name of the aimed parameter.

    For example, if you need to find attacks aimed at the xss parameter but not at XSS-attacks (for instance, SQL-injection attack having xss in the GET-parameter), then specify attacks sqli p:xss in the search string.

  • Name of the parser used by Wallarm node to read the parameter value. The name must be in uppercase.

    For example, attacks p:*BASE64 to find attacks aimed at any parameter parsed by the base64 parser.

  • Sequence of parameters and parsers.

    For example: attacks p:"POST_JSON_DOC_HASH_from" to find attacks sent in the from parameter in the JSON body of a request.

You may use masks within a value. The symbol * replaces any number of characters, the symbol ? replaces any single character.

Search for anomalies in attacks

To search for anomalies in attacks, use the a: or anomaly: prefix.

To refine an anomaly search, use the following parameters:

  • size

  • statuscode

  • time

  • stamps

  • impression

  • vector

Example:

attacks sqli a:size will search for all SQL-injection attacks, that have response size anomalies in their requests.

Search by request identifier

To search for attacks and incidents by request identifier, specify the request_id prefix.
The request_id parameter has the following value form: a79199bcea606040cc79f913325401fb. In order to make it easier to read, this parameter has been replaced by the placeholder abbreviation <requestId> in the examples below.

Examples:

  • attacks incidents request_id:<requestId>: to search for an attack or an incident with the request_id equal to <requestId>.

  • attacks incidents !request_id:<requestId>: to search for attacks and incidents with the request_id not equal to <requestId>.

  • attacks incidents request_id: to search for attacks and incidents with any request_id.

  • attacks incidents !request_id: to search for attacks and incidents without any request_id.

Search for sampled hits

To search for the sampled hits, add sampled to the search string.